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Mar. 15th, 2018
Stephen Hawking -- Black Holes
Mar. 15th, 2018 08:40 pmhttps://www.livescience.com/62028-hawking-death-paradox-question-science.html?utm_source=notification
Stephen Hawking Never Answered His 'Most Interesting' Scientific Question
Stephen Hawking died today (March 14), leaving behind a massive legacy of work as an astrophysicist, science communicator, activist, and figure of pop culture admiration. And on the day of his death, a question he raised and worked on until the last years of his life remains unanswered: Can information really be lost to the universe?
Hawking's most famous paper, "Black Hole Explosions?," published 44 years ago in 1974, took a hatchet to the whole notion of black holes as physicists had previous understood them. And it was Hawking's first whack at that basic question.
"Classically, a black hole should be 'perfectly cold' in the sense that it absorbs everything but emits nothing. This is how they were understood in the early 1970s," Robert McNees, a physicist at Loyola University in Chicago, wrote in an email.
A black hole like that would radiate no energy, and no matter could escape from it. It would just… exist, cold, silent, and eternal. Hawking's paper made the black holes alive — and possibly mortal.
"When Stephen considered quantum mechanical effects in the mid-70s, he discovered that black holes should, in principle, radiate as if they were thermal objects with a temperature," McNees told Live Science. "If they radiate energy then their mass will decrease. And he found that as this happens, as they shrink, their temperature goes up and they radiate even faster."
Eventually, perhaps, the black hole would disappear entirely, or shrink to a little nubbin. Without fully reconciling relativity and quantum mechanics in a robust theory of "quantum gravity" (what physicists call a "theory of everything"), the final stage of that black hole evaporation remains a mystery.( Read more... )
Originally published on Live Science.
Stephen Hawking Never Answered His 'Most Interesting' Scientific Question
Stephen Hawking died today (March 14), leaving behind a massive legacy of work as an astrophysicist, science communicator, activist, and figure of pop culture admiration. And on the day of his death, a question he raised and worked on until the last years of his life remains unanswered: Can information really be lost to the universe?
Hawking's most famous paper, "Black Hole Explosions?," published 44 years ago in 1974, took a hatchet to the whole notion of black holes as physicists had previous understood them. And it was Hawking's first whack at that basic question.
"Classically, a black hole should be 'perfectly cold' in the sense that it absorbs everything but emits nothing. This is how they were understood in the early 1970s," Robert McNees, a physicist at Loyola University in Chicago, wrote in an email.
A black hole like that would radiate no energy, and no matter could escape from it. It would just… exist, cold, silent, and eternal. Hawking's paper made the black holes alive — and possibly mortal.
"When Stephen considered quantum mechanical effects in the mid-70s, he discovered that black holes should, in principle, radiate as if they were thermal objects with a temperature," McNees told Live Science. "If they radiate energy then their mass will decrease. And he found that as this happens, as they shrink, their temperature goes up and they radiate even faster."
Eventually, perhaps, the black hole would disappear entirely, or shrink to a little nubbin. Without fully reconciling relativity and quantum mechanics in a robust theory of "quantum gravity" (what physicists call a "theory of everything"), the final stage of that black hole evaporation remains a mystery.( Read more... )
Originally published on Live Science.
This is available to the public
Mar. 15th, 2018 08:45 pmhttps://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A
Alert (TA18-074A)
Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Original release date: March 15, 2018
Systems Affected
Domain Controllers
File Servers
Email Servers
Overview
This joint Technical Alert (TA) is the result of analytic efforts between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This alert provides information on Russian government actions targeting U.S. Government entities as well as organizations in the energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing sectors. It also contains indicators of compromise (IOCs) and technical details on the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by Russian government cyber actors on compromised victim networks. DHS and FBI produced this alert to educate network defenders to enhance their ability to identify and reduce exposure to malicious activity.
DHS and FBI characterize this activity as a multi-stage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities’ networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks. After obtaining access, the Russian government cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance, moved laterally, and collected information pertaining to Industrial Control Systems (ICS).
For a downloadable copy of IOC packages and associated files, see: Go to the original link above.
Description
Since at least March 2016, Russian government cyber actors—hereafter referred to as “threat actors”—targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including the energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing sectors.
Analysis by DHS and FBI, resulted in the identification of distinct indicators and behaviors related to this activity. Of note, the report Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group, released by Symantec on September 6, 2017, provides additional information about this ongoing campaign. [1] (link is external)
This campaign comprises two distinct categories of victims: staging and intended targets. The initial victims are peripheral organizations such as trusted third-party suppliers with less secure networks, referred to as “staging targets” throughout this alert. The threat actors used the staging targets’ networks as pivot points and malware repositories when targeting their final intended victims. NCCIC and FBI judge the ultimate objective of the actors is to compromise organizational networks, also referred to as the “intended target.”( Read more... )
Alert (TA18-074A)
Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Original release date: March 15, 2018
Systems Affected
Domain Controllers
File Servers
Email Servers
Overview
This joint Technical Alert (TA) is the result of analytic efforts between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This alert provides information on Russian government actions targeting U.S. Government entities as well as organizations in the energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing sectors. It also contains indicators of compromise (IOCs) and technical details on the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by Russian government cyber actors on compromised victim networks. DHS and FBI produced this alert to educate network defenders to enhance their ability to identify and reduce exposure to malicious activity.
DHS and FBI characterize this activity as a multi-stage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities’ networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks. After obtaining access, the Russian government cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance, moved laterally, and collected information pertaining to Industrial Control Systems (ICS).
For a downloadable copy of IOC packages and associated files, see: Go to the original link above.
Description
Since at least March 2016, Russian government cyber actors—hereafter referred to as “threat actors”—targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including the energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing sectors.
Analysis by DHS and FBI, resulted in the identification of distinct indicators and behaviors related to this activity. Of note, the report Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group, released by Symantec on September 6, 2017, provides additional information about this ongoing campaign. [1] (link is external)
This campaign comprises two distinct categories of victims: staging and intended targets. The initial victims are peripheral organizations such as trusted third-party suppliers with less secure networks, referred to as “staging targets” throughout this alert. The threat actors used the staging targets’ networks as pivot points and malware repositories when targeting their final intended victims. NCCIC and FBI judge the ultimate objective of the actors is to compromise organizational networks, also referred to as the “intended target.”( Read more... )
Celtic Twist Quilt
Mar. 15th, 2018 11:28 pmCeltic Twist
https://www.quiltingcompany.com/Quilt/pattern-celtic-twist/
Cutting Instructions (cut in order listed)
White/green print (background)
– 4 rectangles 3½” x 6½”
– 1 square 3½” x 3½”
– 4 squares 2″ x 2″
Dark green swirl print, medium lime mottle, light green floral, and dark green texture (links)—cut from each:
– 1 strip 2″ x 5″
– 1 rectangle 2″ x 3½”
– 3 squares 2″ x 2″
Piecing the Block
Referring to Diagram I, sew together 1 white/green print 2″ square, 1 dark green swirl print 2″ square, and 1 medium lime mottle 2″ x 3½” rectangle to make pieced square. Make 4 total in fabric arrangements shown.
Draw diagonal line on wrong side of lime 2″ square. Place marked square on white/green 3½” x 6½” rectangle, right sides together, aligning raw edges (Diagram II). Stitch on drawn line; trim away and discard excess fabric. Open and press. Repeat on opposite end of rectangle with light green floral 2″ square to make pieced rectangle. Make 4 total in fabric arrangements shown.
Referring to Diagram III-A for fabric placement,lay out 2″ x 5″ strips around white/green 3½” square.Stitch first seam as shown, starting approximately 2″ (dot) from top left corner of center square. Open strip and press partial seam.
Following seaming order, add remaining strips. Complete partial seam to make block center (Diagram III-B).
Arrange pieced squares, pieced rectangles, and block center as shown (Diagram IV). Check placement to make sure that links appear to interlock. Sew 3 rows, and then sew rows together to make Celtic Twist Block.
Similar but not the same.
https://www.quiltingcompany.com/Quilt/pattern-celtic-twist/
Cutting Instructions (cut in order listed)
White/green print (background)
– 4 rectangles 3½” x 6½”
– 1 square 3½” x 3½”
– 4 squares 2″ x 2″
Dark green swirl print, medium lime mottle, light green floral, and dark green texture (links)—cut from each:
– 1 strip 2″ x 5″
– 1 rectangle 2″ x 3½”
– 3 squares 2″ x 2″
Piecing the Block
Referring to Diagram I, sew together 1 white/green print 2″ square, 1 dark green swirl print 2″ square, and 1 medium lime mottle 2″ x 3½” rectangle to make pieced square. Make 4 total in fabric arrangements shown.
Draw diagonal line on wrong side of lime 2″ square. Place marked square on white/green 3½” x 6½” rectangle, right sides together, aligning raw edges (Diagram II). Stitch on drawn line; trim away and discard excess fabric. Open and press. Repeat on opposite end of rectangle with light green floral 2″ square to make pieced rectangle. Make 4 total in fabric arrangements shown.
Referring to Diagram III-A for fabric placement,lay out 2″ x 5″ strips around white/green 3½” square.Stitch first seam as shown, starting approximately 2″ (dot) from top left corner of center square. Open strip and press partial seam.
Following seaming order, add remaining strips. Complete partial seam to make block center (Diagram III-B).
Arrange pieced squares, pieced rectangles, and block center as shown (Diagram IV). Check placement to make sure that links appear to interlock. Sew 3 rows, and then sew rows together to make Celtic Twist Block.
Similar but not the same.
Half and Half Quilt
Mar. 15th, 2018 11:53 pmQuilt Size: 77 " x 77"
Supplies:
• 1 Package 10" Print Squares (42 count) vibrant colors
• 1 Package 10" Background Squares (42 count) light colors
• ¾ yd. Inner Border
• 1 yd. Outer Border (3" wide outer boarder)
• ¾ yd. Binding
• 4¾ yds. Backing
Layer print square and background square.
Sew around all 4 sides.
Cut diagonally from corners. = 4 half square triangle blocks (square up to 6 1/2" squares)
Cut half square triangle in half both ways. = 2 smaller half square triangles and 2 solid squares
Swap solid colored squares with each other so print is to background.
Sew half square triangle to solid square. Repeat for other 2 square/1/2 square triangle.
Sew these, 2 half square triangle to solid square combinations, to each other, solids diagonally from each other.
Repeat this for the other 3 half square triangles.
Arrange the 4 blocks so the same solid square is in the center.
Alternate centers so background fabric is for one large block and the next is print fabric centers.
Arrange these resulting 4 squares so the same colored squares meet in the middle.
